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Estimated Economic Loss and Disease Severity of Phytoplasma Infection Associated with Different Chrysanthemum Varieties

By Govind P. Rao, Aido Taloh and Madhupriya | 16-01-2026 | Page: 159-164

Abstract

Typical phytoplasma-associated symptoms, including phyllody, virescence, witches’ broom, and diverse flower/bud malformations, were observed in seven commercially cultivated varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium at the ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during the 2020–21 cropping seasons. Molecular diagnosis using PCR assays confirmed the association of three phytoplasma ribosomal groups, namely 16SrI, 16SrII, and 16SrVI, in symptomatic varieties. The present study aimed to estimate preliminary yield losses and assess disease severity using a 0–5 rating scale in the affected chrysanthemum varieties during 2023-24. Yield loss estimation based on visual assessment revealed considerable damage and substantial yield reductions caused by phytoplasma infection across all tested varieties. Among them, Pusa Centenary, Ajay Orange, Pusa Anmol and Red Spoon exhibited extremely severe symptoms of phyllody, witches’ broom, and floral/bud malformations, resulting in yield losses of up to 100% under field conditions. In contrast, the varieties Pusa Anmol, Jaya, and John Webber showed comparatively lower disease severity, characterized mainly by phyllody and virescence, with disease incidence ranging from 9.6% to 14.5% and yield losses up to 40% and considered as moderate. Pusa Kesari was the least affected variety, recording only 8% disease incidence and relatively lower yield losses witte mild virescence symptoms. This preliminary assessment clearly demonstrates the destructive potential of phytoplasma diseases in chrysanthemum cultivation and indicates the lack of effective natural resistance among commercially grown varieties. The findings underscore the urgent need for systematic nationwide surveillance, development of a resistance grading scale for chrysanthemum germplasm, and formulation of integrated and sustainable phytoplasma disease management strategies.

Keywords

Chrysanthemum varieties, phytoplasma, yield loss assessment, natural resistance

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